This report, commissioned by FIFARMA and prepared by the Global Health Intitute of Duke University, analyzes how health resources are planned, prioritized, allocated, and managed in eight Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. Its purpose is to understand the processes of health budget allocation and execution, identify the gaps between population health needs and available resources, and provide concrete recommendations for policymakers and health system stakeholders to strengthen efficiency and equity in health budget management.